Oppression Of Women Essay - 1141 Words

Written Task 2 Outline (HL) Question: How and why is a social group represented in a particular way? Texts: â€Å"Indian Camp†, â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† and â€Å"The Killers† by Ernest Hemingway Introduction: Hemingway uses gender oppression towards women specifically in order to make the ideality of masculinity appear more pristine. He creates a society where men are superior to women by insulting and nullifying them even when the reader is aware of a female character’s presence. Key Ideas Lack of Information: In â€Å"Indian Camp†, Hemingway disregards the only female character’s name and identity, he also includes dialogue of other characters that insults and portrays women as irrelevant. The fact that he only includes one female character in†¦show more content†¦Because his childhood was traumatic and depressing, he reflects it into his work so that a lot of the time there is a darker undertone. There are several minimalistic ways that Hemingway gradually introduces the idea that women are less than men, this includes dialogue, character development, lack of information and repression of opinion. People’s experience influence how they view a group of people and their memories of certain events stay with them to manipulate their ideologies. During Ernest Hemingway’s childhood, his mother was not someone that he looked up to due to her strong character and abusive manner, his resentment towards women is showcased in his work. †Å"Indian Camp† is a short story about a woman who is having a problematic birth, her name is not included and not much about her character is revealed, other than her there are no other female characters. This can be seen as degrading to women, the fact that she is the only woman and there is a lack of information about her conveys the idea that women as a whole are insignificant. In a way, it is contradicting towards itself because the woman is resilient as she goes through the very painful process of having a child, though this should be seen as miraculous, everything about theShow MoreRelatedOppression of Women Essay454 Words   |  2 PagesOppression is when a person or group of people abuse their power or social status in a burdensome, cruel, or unjust manner because of prejudice against those below them. Although Female oppression still exists in many of our societies today, American women were the first to try to overcome their oppression. The oppression that took plac e was psychological and basically men being biased and unjust towards women, but in other places of the world female oppression means physical or sexual abuse. Read MoreEssay on Colonial Oppression of Women1123 Words   |  5 Pagesfields have long been associative, even complimentary; both discourses are predominantly political and concern with the struggle against oppression and injustice. Moreover both reject the established hierarchical, patriarchal system which is dominated by the hegemonic white male and tend intensely to deny the supposed supremacy of masculine power and authority. Both women and natives are minority groups who are unfairly treated by the intrusive male gaze which is characteristic of both patriarchy andRead MoreCatholicism and Oppression of Women Essay1441 Words   |  6 Pagesprivilege than women. The bible and church are from a male’s point of view (Christ 86) and passages within the bible are used to enforce a sexual hierarchy. In fact, the oppression of women begins with the first story in Genesis about creation, which portrays females as being inferior to men and even of an evil nature. This one pass age is the main source of justification of oppression of woman in the church (Daly 13). The church and its teachings instil low self-esteem and low self-worth in women; it createsRead MoreEssay on Oppression of Women in The Awakening768 Words   |  4 Pagesinjustices. Women are like these birds trapped in these cages unable to free themselves from these imposed roles by society. Chopin opens her novel with the a parrot in a cage repeating the same phrase over and over. The parrot is pretty to look at, but when the bird speaks it is very annoying. This is the way women were potrayed in the late 19th century restricted to very limited space in society, --- hung in a cage outside the door pretty to look at, but annoying because women spoke of theRead MoreEssay on The Ideal Female and the Oppression of Women862 Words   |  4 PagesThe Ideal Female and the Oppression of Women By having an impossible ideal female look, society is beating us as women. We have no time to come up in world through politics, business, or any other power related structure because we’re spending all of our time trying to maintain, or achieve this beauty. The ideal woman is ever-changing. Different features and different characteristics are valued at different times and throughout different cultures. And each time the ideals change, or one changesRead MoreOppression: Muslim Women in Canada Essay1590 Words   |  7 PagesWord count: 1,489 Throughout history, women have been victims of oppression no matter what religion or background they come from. They have learned from a young age, that their appearance is important to fundamentally be happy in their life. The topic of oppression in woman leads to controversial discussion not only to scholars but women of all parts of the world. How a woman presents herself through appearance and clothing targets her in a society obsessed with each other’s business. In today’sRead MoreEssay on The End of Oppression for Jamaican Women5572 Words   |  23 PagesThe End of Oppression for Jamaican Women Women have been oppressed in many places and in many different ways over the years, but in Jamaica this continuing trend is finally to be broken. Sexual or gender inequality represents as essential and integral feature of social relations and culture construction in Jamaica, where for the past four hundred years colonial and imperialist exploitation has governed the development of economic, political, and sociocultural patterns and structures.(Harrison:Read More Oppression of Women in Victorian Society Essay2174 Words   |  9 Pagesor died trying to revolt. Women held no rights. They were forced to be robots, performing only for the men they had to seek marriage to. The only jobs that women were allowed to hold was that of motherhood, they were not allowed to speak unless spoken to and certainly were not expected to have personal opinion. It was not until the start of the Womens Liberation Movement in the late 1960s and early 1970s that the whole outlook on women changed. If it was nt for women such as: Susan B. AnthonyRead MoreThe Unspoken Lullaby: Women, Music, and Oppression Essay2109 Words   |  9 Pagestrue sense of identity and to achieve social acceptance by refusing to conform to American society. In Alice Echoll’s, Hot Stuff and Alice Walker’s, The Color Purple, music is shown as a tool used by minority groups particularly African Americans women to find power within one’s self despite the pressures of society. In America there has always been a strong connection among the African American community, which has been strengthened by the trials and suffering that they, as a whole, have facedRead MoreWomen Oppression: Revolution through Revelation Essay2008 Words   |  9 PagesPerkins Gilman wrote â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† to evaluate and review the role that women played in the eternal bond of marriage and also to shed light upon the fact that women of that period made none of their own decisions. Something that must be pointed out without foregoing any further analysis is that the name of the narrator is never revealed in full which, one can imagine, is a glimpse into the oppression women faced during this time. Without revealing the name of the narrator, Gilman deprives

Indian Independence Movement - 1192 Words

Systems of governance and authority can have a profound influence on the development of human societies. All types of governments from local politics to federal bureaucracies to huge empires maintain their authority through specific techniques, including fostering a shared identity (nationalism), developing economic interdependence, and sometimes using overt force. Challenges to that authority through violent and nonviolent revolution can have significant consequences, including the collapse and replacement of whole systems of governance. You have studied multiple forms of governance (including ancient and contemporary empires) and resistance to authority (in both violent and nonviolent revolutions) that occurred in societies within the Americas, India, Southeast Asia, and Africa. In this task, you will examine systems of governance and the reactions of the governed peoples in specific areas of the world. Task: A. Discuss the rise of imperialism or colonialism in one area of the worl d from India. India came under British colonialism or imperialism via subterfuge from the British and through their desire for expansion and money. It all started with the European trading advantages that Europe enjoyed in India and with unrest of the country with Hindu majority and Muslims. Between 1450 1750, Dutch traders stepped into the Indies whilst British traders took advantage of the weak Mughal Empire and during the Seven Years War emerged victorious over France and became the dominantShow MoreRelatedThe Indian Independence Movement2481 Words   |  10 PagesThe history of the Indian Independence Movement against the British in the 20th Century was evidently influenced and motivated by the underlying differences and perceptions of communal identities. The freedom struggle in essence was also an assertion of the interests and aspirations of the diverse communities of the Indian subcontinent. The Indian National Congress and the Muslim League were the two big powers that sought to mobilize public sentiments in the quest for Independence. While the MuslimRead MoreThe Indian Independence Movement Of India1129 Words   |  5 Pagespaper I am going to be focusing in on the later half on the Indian independence movement (1918-1947) leading up till the riots that caused the partition of India. This means that I will be analyzing the complete territory of India that was present during that time period. There are several reasons I am focusing in on this time period. First I will be researching about the independence movement which eventually led to the Indian Independence Act of 1947 and then see how that leads to the partition ofRead MoreIndian Independence Movement and Goa Liberation Movement5513 Words   |  23 PagesThe  Goa liberation movement  was a movement that sought to end the 451 years of  Portuguese  colonial rule in Goa, India. The liberation movement gained mass momentum in the early 20th century (galvanizing between 1940-1961), and continued to build on the smaller scale revolts and uprisings of the preceding century. The struggle was conducted both within Goa and externally, and was characterized by a range of tactics including non-violent demonstrations, revolutionary methods and diplomatic effortsRead MoreMahatma Gandhi And The Indian Independence Movement1009 Words   |  5 Pagesdepiction of the Indian independence movement, which fails to accurately depict history and correctly acknowledge the unnecessary loss of life caused in the process. Evidence today emphatically refute claims of Gandhi’s ‘egalitarian’ and ‘pious’ persona with several historical sources and texts detailing his hypocrisy, stubbornness and blatant perversions of equality. Through the film Gandhi, Attenborough depicts the life and role of Mohandas Gandhi in India’s bid for independence from the BritishRead MoreIndia Challenges Of India s Indian Movement Of Independence1477 Words   |  6 PagesOved Joseph Oved Mr. Kweller​ 2W 11 May 2015 Gandhi challenges British rule in India When one imagines of the early 1940s’ Indian movement of independence, one figure readily clicks into the mind; the popular Mahatma Gandhi, who was an immensely leader in India. He was nicknamed Mahatma by most of his countrymen, a name that meant â€Å"The Great Soul†. This leader led to a remarkable change of the world far much beyond his sacrificial and successful struggle that led to the end of the British imperialRead MoreIndian Independence Movement and Gandhi979 Words   |  4 Pageswork in their office in Durban. Once Gandhi arrived in Durban he found himself being treated as a member of an inferior race. He was shocked at the denial of civil liberties and political rights to Indian immigrants to South Africa. He then threw himself into the struggle for basic rights for Indians. Gandhi stayed in South Africa for 20 years, being imprisoned many times. In 1896, after being attacked and beaten by white South Africans, Gandhi began to teach a method of passive resistanceRead MoreThe Death Of The Indian Independence Movement1952 Words   |  8 PagesThe Right to Life Leader of the Indian independence movement, Mahatma Gandhi, once said, â€Å"It seems to me as clear as daylight that abortion would be a crime† (Gandhi, Mahatma). Yet federal law in the United States has given women the right to kill their unborn children through the Roe v. Wade ruling of 1973. In the years since, over 58,000,000 American children have lost their lives without even having the chance to protect themselves. In 2015 alone, 1,058,400 children were killed by abortion inRead MoreGKE1 task 3 Essay800 Words   |  4 Pagesthe 19th and early 20th century involved Europe going into Africa. The causes of imperialism in Africa were partly due to the decolonization in America. The European powers were out political and economic gain by the United States gaining their independence. In 1876 European powers especially King Leopold II of Belgium, agreed in the Berlin Conference to split up the land in Africa, no longer invading to colonize but to gain political, military a nd economic power. The methods to imperialism of theRead MoreMahatma Gandhi Research Paper1564 Words   |  7 PagesIndia’s independence from Great Britain. As the dominant figure used his persuasive philosophy of non-violent confrontation, he inspired political activists with many persuasions throughout the world (Andrews 23). Not only was Mahatma Gandhi a great peacemaker, but also his work to achieve freedom and equality for all people was greatly acknowledged. Gandhi’s unconventional style of leadership gained him the love of a country and eventually enabled him to lead the independence movement in IndiaRead MoreGandhi : A Leader Of Indian Nationalism Essay1059 Words   |  5 Pagesthe preeminent leader of Indian nationalism in British ruled India. He led India to independence by a nonviolent movement. He is widely considered as the most powerful and successful leader in the history of India. He believed in nonviolence. Many people believe that Mohatma Gandhi ha s abrupt contribution in the history of India. But it is a matter of sorrow that this leader had some problems that led the country towards an unknown future. He launched nonviolent movement as he had no arms. He never

Plays for the People free essay sample

Back in the time of Shakespeare, plays were a form of entertainment for the people of London. They would not only be seen by the rich, but also by the lowest member of the social scale. Shakespeare’s globe theatre was open to the public, and the only perk about having lot of money was you were able to get a better seat and refreshment. But, other than that the rich were seeing the same play as the peasants. Shakespeare knew that people of all ages and of all different social classes came to see his masterpieces, and he took this into account when he wrote his plays. In many of Shakespeare’s plays he would grab the audience’s attention at the beginning of the play. In the Taming of the Shrew he captivates both the upper class and the lower class in his audience with the quick scene with Christopher Sly, who the lower class can relate to, and the Lord, who the upper-class nobles could distinguish with. We will write a custom essay sample on Plays for the People or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This opening scene does not have much relevance to the play, but is does capture the audience’s attention. After this relatively short opening seen how does Shakespeare keep his audience interested in the play? Shakespeare has various ways of holding onto the audience. For one, he uses prose and verse or iambic pentameter between his characters. Verse is used when the character is dignified or rich; this type of speech is aimed at the wealthier members of the audience. When Shakespeare’s characters talk in prose they are talking in common language not in any rhyme or iambic pentameter, this type of speech is relating to the lower class in the audience (peasants, merchants, blacksmiths, etc.). Also, Shakespeare would often have each social group be made fun of at the expense of the other. He would make the peasants or servants in his plays out to be stupid or naive or only there for comic relief. On the other hand Shakespeare would poke fun of the rich and the noblemen. Shakespeare also had other way or relating his plays to his diverse audience, and he would use the topics that the characters talked about. To relate with his lower class audience members who would be standing on the main floor in the theatre, he would have the characters jump down into the audience and act out scenes using the audience. He would also use crude humor to connect with the less educated lower class audience members. For his upper-class audience members, he would have his actors talk bout things they would be interested in like money and power. But his works did not just entertain the two different types of audience members, he also brought them together. He brought his audience together through action and drama and romance, topics all could enjoy. It’s fair to say Shakespeare was a master at his work, and that his technique and style for writing plays have captivated different types of audiences, and for a short time brought opposite groups together. He has entertained all sorts for centuries and will for centuries to come.

The Heart of Darkness an Example of the Topic Literature Essays by

The Heart of Darkness Introduction The Heart of Darkness treats the darkness in its various forms of representation during the Victorian Age. Conrad used it to symbolize the unknown, the uncivilized, the dark motives of civilization and Imperialism, and even the dark inclinations of men. The story uses the character of Kurtz to reflect these dark inclinations of men; first unknown to him and continues to persists when it is already known. Need essay sample on "The Heart of Darkness" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed One of the most important symbolisms discussed in the story, as the title itself suggests, is the symbolism of darkness. Indeed, darkness had been used in the story, both literally and symbolically, to reveal Conrads view of the world. But most especially, the symbol was used to represent human understanding. Kurtz final words: The horror! The horror! has also something to do with the storys theme of darkness. The horror which Kurtz is referring to is mans failure to recognize what really is, in contrast to what he believes is supposed to. It was darkness when one believes he is doing the right thing, but has instead, without him noticing it, succumbed to the greed and other acts which are contrary to morality. Marlow gave us a hint to this. He said about these words: this was the expression of some sort of belief; it had candour, it had conviction, it had a vibrating note of revolt in its whisper, it had the appalling face of a glimpsed truththe strange commingling of desire and hat e (Part 3). Kurtz was first introduced to be mad. However, as the reader goes on the story, we are presented that he is a man of many talents. We learn, among others, that he is a gifted musician, a fine painter, an eloquent writer, and a character full of charisma able to lead men. Marlow is presented to us as very eager to meet with the man. Kurtz is a legend not only among the natives, but even with his fellow white men. Nevertheless, he was led to his own downfall of his own doings. In this light, he is presented as highly gifted but degenerate. His fraternizing with the natives incurred the hatred of his fellow white men. In the story, we are told that Marlow is supposed to get Kurtz back to civilization. The natives, however, attacked Marlows ship in an attempt to prevent Kurtz from being taken. As soon as Marlow understands the man, he begins to ponder as to the real sanity of Kurtz. Marlow refers to him as hollow, yet he refers to him as a remarkable man. Bottom line is that we are prese nted with a Kurtz that is neither entirely good nor entirely evil. It was clearly presented to us that Kurtz displayed greed. In the words of Marlow: My Intended, my ivory, my station, my river, my-- everything belonged to him (Part 2). Here we are also presented how many powers of darkness claimed him for their own (Part 2). Marlow claimed it to be caused by Kurtz utter solitude by way of utter silence where no warning voice of a kind neighbor can be heard whispering of public opinion (Part 2). He further described Kurtz as having the power to charm or frighten rudimentary souls into an aggravated witch-dance in his honour; he could also fill the small souls of the pilgrims with bitter misgivings (Part 2). Yet, with all those negative characteristics Kurtz have been attributed, Marlow nonetheless recognized the good in him; that while Kurtz had filled souls with misgivings, there is one he had conquered that was neither rudimentary nor tainted with self-seeking. Marlow had also appreciated Kurtz writings, describing it as luminous and terrifying. Furthermore, Marlow contemplated that Kurtz sometimes display childishness by desiring to have kings meet him on his return from some Nowhere where he intended to accomplish great things. Kurtz, himself, was liable for his reputation of having good character and of self-seeking. He mentioned once that You show that you have in you something that is really profitable, and then there will be no limits to the recognition of your ability Of course you must take care of the motivesright motives--always (Part 3). We are compelled to think that Kurtz knew of his wrongdoings. He said: I had immense plansAnd now for this scoundrel-- (Part 3). He was unable to finish, but the message is clear: he realized his mistake and is worrying, if it was for his future or for his impending death does not matter. Marlow emphasizes on it saying: No eloquence could have been so withering to ones belief in mankind as his final burst of sincerity I saw the inconceivable mystery of a soul that knew no restraint, no faith, and no fear, yet struggling blindly by itself (Part 3). The horror! The horror is an expression of strange commingling of desire and hate because a person desires to do what he believes, hate because he realizes the wrongness of it. Conclusion The final words of Kurtz as he died reflected only his acknowledgement of his own misguided life and despicable acts. The horror is a description of his inner darkness; a darkness that comes from the struggle against the realized the mistakes and the personal interest. That while one may have good intentions, he may come to realize that it is not for the better; or it may be that while one have already recognized his mistakes from wrong assumptions, he may be tempted to ignore it for the sake of self-interest. Works Cited Conrad, Joseph. Heart of Darkness.

Cultural Sexuality essays

Cultural Sexuality essays Sexuality, courtship and mating rituals differ among cultures. The Trobriands and the United States have several similarities and differences, which can be compared and contrasted. These constructs begin in early childhood, continue to adolescence, and extend into adulthood. Indeed, these sexual constructs help as a basic framework, which defines these two cultures. The Trobriands begin early childhood with a freedom and independence unlike Americans. Beginning as young as five or six years of age, the young Trobrianders are allowed to roam and play in the village or bush without consent from parents. These children have a sexual freedom, as well. To begin with, the children often witness the copulation of the parents within the home. While the house is small, the parents do not consider privacy as an option. Instead, the child may be asked to cover their head. Otherwise, no precautions are attempted to prevent such an event from occurring in front of children. No battier is made, and timing is not even considered for prevention. Instead, the children witness copulation by both hearing and seeing. To learn more about sex, the Trobriand children engage in sex play, early in life. These exciting games are played even before their bodies are able to have sexual intercourse. Genital manipulation and such minor perversion as oral stimulation of the organs are typical forms of this amusement (Suggs, 82). These children learn the sexual acts from the somewhat older children who have them watch the play. Ultimately, this curiosity of sex becomes a favorite past time of the children. The Trobriand children run around in little bands. It is important that these amorous games are not carried on in the house. It has to be carried on in the bush, or it is taboo. They even learn to be romantic by giving flowers to the little girls, or going on canoe rides. An interesting aspect of the childrens sex games, are the...

Hesss Law Definition - Chemistry Glossary

Hesss Law Definition - Chemistry Glossary Hesss law states that the energy change in an overall chemical reaction is equal to the sum of the energy changes in the individual reactions comprising it. In other words, the enthalpy change of a chemical reaction (the heat of reaction at constant pressure) does not depend on the pathway between the initial and final states. The law is a variation of the first law of thermodynamics and conservation of energy. Importance of Hesss Law Because Hesss law holds true, its possible to break a chemical reaction into multiple steps and use the standard enthalpies of formation to find the overall energy of a chemical reaction. Standard enthalpy tables are compiled from empirical data, usually acquired using calorimetry. Using these tables, its possible to calculate whether or not a more complex reaction is thermodynamically favorable or not. Applications of Hesss Law In addition to calculating the enthalpy of a reaction rather than directly measuring it, Hesss law is used to: Find electron affinities based on theoretical lattice energy.Calculate heat change of phase transitions.Calculate heat change when a substance changes allotropes.Find the heat of formation of an unstable intermediate in a reaction.Find the lattice energy of ionic compounds. Sources Chakrabarty, D.K. (2001). An Introduction to Physical Chemistry. Mumbai: Alpha Science. pp. 34–37. ISBN 1-84265-059-9.Leicester, Henry M. (1951). Germain Henri Hess and the Foundations of Thermochemistry. The Journal of Chemical Education. 28 (11): 581–583. doi:10.1021/ed028p581

Advanced management accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Advanced management accounting - Essay Example The process of benchmarking involves the search for the best practices and then comparing the performance with that followed in the organization and determining the future performance. The three underlying principles of the process are quality, customer satisfaction and improvement in action. (Kozak, 2004, p.5) The application of the process of Benchmarking is done to improve the overall productivity of the business. Through the process of Benchmarking it enables the organization to highlight their individual strength and weakness. The internal knowledge about a business is essential to bring about changes in performance level and through benchmarking the objective is achieved. As the process of Benchmarking involves a finding of the best practices used by organization, it also enables an overall analysis of the competitors. Thus the process of benchmarking enables organizations to stay ahead of the competitors in the same line of business (Moore, 2008, p.181). Four types of benchmar king are generally in use by the organizations. They are named as internal benchmarking, external benchmarking, competitive benchmarking and sector benchmarking. The scopes and objectives of the different heads of benchmarking are different in their nature. (Wober, 2002, p.3) Intel has been global leaders in the makers of computer chipsets over a decade. The business aims to improve the performance of the new generation of chipset in every release of their updated product. The popularity of Intel has been so vast that it has almost established a monopoly in the market of PC chipset producers. The company uses the process of benchmarking as one of the tools to improve the overall performance of the organization. Intel uses the help of PC platform performance bench marking process that helps in analyzing and measuring the performance of the PC’s build by them. The analyzing of the performance of their product helped them in Customer satisfaction to a large extent. The

Data collection companies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Data collection companies - Essay Example This paper takes a stand that picking information of an individual from social websites without their permission is unethical. To defend this stand, this paper analyzes the impact of using unauthorized information that comes from social media. This paper also identifies a supporting argument in favor of using these types of information, and gives a counter argument against the argument. This paper has a conclusion, which is a summary of the main points that the paper addresses. Sharing personal information about an individual without their authorization can damage the reputation of the individual under consideration. For example, a data collecting company can peruse through the facebook profiles of certain individuals, and find information concerning their sexual habits. Sharing this information with other organizations without their consent is disastrous. An organization can use this information for or against the individual concerned (Partridge, 33) . Take an instance if the indivi dual is gay, and the information comes before anti-gay institutions. The impact of this action on the individual is damage to his or her reputation. Another reason as to why this process is unethical is that doubts might emanate on the accuracy of the information the data collection company provides. ... This aspect might lead to developing a policy by an organization that does not reflects the needs of the people whom it targets. Take an example where by the data collecting company has information about alcohol consumption habits amongst adults. If 70% of this information is inaccurate, an alcohol company relies on the information to market their products. Using this information will lead to a flop in the marketing campaigns and strategy of the alcohol company. It is important for data collection companies to fairly process the information they acquire from social sites in a professional and ethical manner. On this basis therefore, if a company wants to share an individual’s personal information, then they should seek the consent of the individual concerned. It is only fair for the person to have a chance of determining how an organization uses his personal data. However, other people disagree with my assertion that it is unethical for data collection companies to use the per sonal information of an individual derived from their social website pages. According to their argument, they denote that the information is already public, and therefore it is not a crime to sell such kind of information to organizations that want to use them (Partridge, 25). However, according to me, this argument is inaccurate and does not have facts to support it. This is because there are regulations that govern an individual when he or she opens an account with social sites. For instance, some of these sites guarantee that the information they post will not be used for commercial purposes without their permission. On this basis therefore, for a data company to

Future Developments of Video Games Essay Example for Free

Future Developments of Video Games Essay The field of video games is one of the most exciting because it is constantly developing and advancing so quickly. Unlike a lot of areas of ICT which have reached a level of stability, all parts of games, gaming and games development are still growing and will continue to grow. This means there is the potential for individuals to have completely new ideas and be the first to create something in the field. The popularity of games is growing exponentially, with more and more people discovering an interest and passion for games all the time. A game now will reach a much larger, international audience and games developers can bring enjoyment to a vast array of people. Console manufacturers, games developers and other involved in the game industry and notoriously secretive about new projects being developed until they are almost ready for announcement and release and even then sometimes games and products can be cancelled at the last minute. All employees working in the industry have to sign a non-disclosure agreement (NDA) most of the time which forbids them legally from revealing any of their companys secrets. Releasing any information about a product could potentially jeopardise its sales. Technology evolves in amazingly rapid speeds. If you need any real observable proof of the speedy advancement of digital technology over the years, take a look at the gaming industry. From the very early years of black-and-white 2D games like Pong (1972) to the first 3D game, 3D Monster Maze in 1981, and from primitive first-person shooters like Wolfenstein 3D (1992) to complex, life-like shooters like Battlefield 3 (2011), there’s no doubt that the gaming industry has seen its fair share of technological evolution. Hardware Developments Each new generation of console hardware made use of the rapid development of processing technology. Newer machines could output a greater range of colours, more sprites, and introduced graphical technologies such as scaling, and vector graphics. One way console makers marketed these advances to consumers was through the measurement of bits. The TurboGrafx-16, Sega Genesis, and SNES were among the first consoles to advertise the fact that they contained 16-bit processors. This fourth generation of console hardware was often referred to as the 16-bit era, and the previous generation as the 8-bit. The bit-value of a console referred to the word length of a consoles processor (although the value was sometimes misused, for example the TurboGrafx 16 had only an 8-bit CPU, and the Genesis/Mega Drive had the 16/32-bit Motorola 68000, but both had a 16-bit dedicated graphics processor). As the graphical performance of console hardware is dependent on many factors, using bits was a crude way to gauge a consoles overall ability. For example the NES, Commodore 64, Apple II, and Atari 2600 all used a very similar 8-bit cpu. The difference in their processing power is due to other causes. For example the Commodore 64 contains 64 kilobytes of RAM and the Atari has much less at 128 bytes of RAM. The jump from 8 bit machines to 16 bit machines to 32 bit machines made a noticeable difference in performance, so consoles from certain generations are frequently referred to as 8 bit or 16 bit consoles. However, the bits in a console are no longer a major factor in their performance. The Nintendo 64, for example has been outpaced by several 32 bit machines. Its only inevitable that gaming hardware is going to constantly be improved, with more processing power, graphics capabilities, sound quality and memory capacity. The input method using a controller has drastically developed over the years beginning with a clunky controller and simple joystick on arcade games, the video game controller has evolved to be ergonomically designed to feel comfortable to avoid injuries such as the ones in the repetitive strain injury group or carpal tunnel syndrome. Most modern controllers are designed with the relaxed position of the hands in mind, resulting in the pronged design that reduces soreness and cramps after extended use, compared to older pads such as the NES or the Sega Master System. There are still a vast array of input methods to create an even more immersive experience, these include: steering wheel, pedals, light guns, dance pads, balance board, fishing rod, microphone and rhythm game controllers (drums and guitars). Many of these have been specifically designed to be used for a certain game or gaming series, such as guitar hero for example. The evolution of the controller to include more buttons p roves that video games themselves are advancing as more buttons are required to complete different tasks within the game. New input methods are being developed to make the gaming experience more enjoyable and interactive, such as being able to control the character by body movement with sensor pads or clothing such as gloves. This type of input method can be seen back in the EyeToy for Playstation 2 which used a video camera. Most recently this market had been taken by storm with the introduction of the Wii and its totally unique controls. Many console manufactures have adopted this technique can be seen in the Playstation Move and the Xbox Kinect which both involve the player as a means of controlling the game instead of pressing buttons. This means of input is being pushed forward by many of the console manufacturers as it removes the stigma of video games being only for people who sit down all day and are lazy, and they are also seen as an alternative to exercising. The gaming industry has helped develop graphics and sound technology that can be incorporated as VR (Virtual Reality). An early 1990s attempt at a headset for console gaming and for hobbyists, was made by Future Vision Technologies. A modern example would be the Wii where the controller tracks and sends motion input accurately. There is also a new VR headset system in development designed specifically for gaming called the Oculus Rift. The headset provides approximately a 110 degree field of view, absolute head orientation tracking, USB interface and a 1200800 resolution with the final consumer version aimed at 19201080. Some of the future games that will support the Oculus Rift includes Doom 4, Strike Suit Zero, Team Fortress 2, Miner Wars 2081, Minecraft and many more. Virtual reality has always been something that was portrayed in movies and television shows as something that will be the future of gaming. Attempts at creating it in the past have not shown popular results. However, it is something which is becoming more of a reality as technology advances, although whether we will ever reach the point of it becoming the standard of gaming is yet to be seen. Software Development The aim of software development is usually to reach a new level of realism or immersion. As processing power and memory increase, enhanced art and animation are able to be created. This allows images and movement to be more realistic. In the early days of first-person shooters, non-player characters (NPCs) had the intelligence of nicely rounded rocks. But theyve been getting much better lately look no further than Half-Lifes storytelling NPCs and Unreal Tournaments excellent bot AI. The market success of titles such as these has prompted developers to put more effort into AI, so it looks as if smarter NPCs will continue to show up in games. AI researchers rarely use computer games for their research, outside of classic board and card games such as chess, checkers, and bridge. Possibly they see most game AI problems as simple engineering problems. This view has not been completely unjustified because often the goal of game AI is not to create intelligence, but to improve gameplay through the illusion of intelligent behaviour. Many of the techniques used to improve the illusion of intelligence have nothing to do with intelligence, but involve cheats, such as giving game AIs extra production capability or the ability to see through walls, or faking it by creating bots that talk to each other but completely ignore what is said. There also has been a drift in AI research toward problems and approaches where precise empirical evaluation is possible. Needless to say, gameplay isnt something that todays AI researchers feel comfortable evaluating. Although there is currently a significant gap between game developers and AI researchers, that gap is starting to close. The inevitable march of Moores law is starting to free up significant processing power for AI, especially with the advent of graphics cards that move the graphics processing off the CPU. The added CPU power will make more complex game AI possible. Still, game developers should still be wary of AI researchers who say, My algorithm doesnt run in real time right now, but just wait. In a few more years, Im sure the processing power will be there. A second, equally powerful force that is closing the gap is sociological. Students who grew up loving computer games are getting advanced degrees in AI. This has the dual effect of bringing game research to universities and university research to game companies already there are at least five AI Ph.D.s at game companies. AI researchers are discovering that building interesting synthetic characters in computer games is much more than just an engineering problem. Moreover, games provide cheap, robust, immersive environments for pursuing many of the core AI issues. They could be the catalyst for a rebirth in research on human-level AI The final force is the game-playing public, who are starting to demand better AI. With the saturation in the quality of computer graphics, better physics and AI are the two technologies that have the most potential to improve gameplay. Players are looking for more realistic AIs to populate their worlds with interesting non-player characters (as in The Sims) and humanlike opponents who must be out-thought and not just out-shot (and who dont cheat). AI can also provide dynamic game control, adjusting the gameplay based on how the game is played. Imagine playing a first-person shooter where the AI not only reacts to your behaviour, but also anticipates your actions by using an internal model of the way you play the game to make its plan. It also adjusts its skill at the tactical level to match yours, so that the game is never a blowout for either side. What can computer game developers do to hasten the collaboration of developers and AI researchers? The most important thing is to make commercial computer game interfaces available to AI researchers. Developers of games such as Unreal, Quake, and Half-Life publish DLLs, making it possible for not only hobbyists but also AI researchers to build bots that play games. If developers from other genres such as real-time strategy games follow suit, you would see an explosion of research on AI for these games. Game developers can also join AI researchers in discussing AI problems and solutions in open forums. There is now a yearly symposium sponsored by the American Association for Artificial Intelligence (AAAI) on AI and interactive entertainment that brings together game developers and AI researchers. Building good AIs is hard and difficult work. Automated learning approaches such as neural nets and genetic algorithms can tune a well-defined set of behavioural parameters, but they are grossly inadequate when it comes to creating synthetic characters with complex behaviours automatically from scratch. There is no magic in AI, except for the magic that emerges when a great programmer works very hard. With the development of artificial intelligence, NPC characters are becoming cleverer. It is predicted that this AI will continue to offer more and more realistic opponents who can think almost like a human. New Technologies It is becoming more popular to connect the Xbox 360 to a Windows PC, which is easily possible as both are Microsoft products. XNA is a set of tolls which allowed games to be built for Xbox and tested through this connectivity. Where hobbyists had been frowned upon by consol manufacturers in the past, Microsoft are positively encouraging homebrew gaming. They run competitions to find newly developed XNA games and release them on Xbox Live Arcade. This is not only evidence of the future of homebrew games and hobbyist being accepted, but it also signals the integration of console with other media equipment with the seventh generation being best known for major consoles branching out into other types of media rather than solely focusing on games. All three consoles offer basic abilities such as photo-viewing, listening to music and browsing the web, as well as the ability to connect to external memory such as USB flash drives and SD cards. The Xbox 360s DVD player was plagued by quality issues but other media options became available later such as an external HD-DVD drive (now a dead standard), Zune downloadable content, Netflix streaming and Last.fm internet radio. PlayStation 3, on the other hand, offered HD movie playback out of the box via Blu-ray in addition to later services like Netflix streaming, and Qriocity music. This new generation for the first time has all of the major consoles focusing on online integration. All three have their own connection services: Wiis Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection, Xbox Live, and PlayStation Network. Competition has branched now from simply offering the best games to the best online content; smaller games can now be purchased and downloaded from online stores within the consoles, and extra applications such as Netflix streaming and Facebook connectivity are heavily supported. Almost all games sold in retail have online support, including online multiplayer and downloadable content for bug patches and new features, potentially increasing replay value in certain games for even years. Another notable feature in current-gen gaming is the use of avatar characters. Nintendo first introduced Miis with the Wii console, caricatures of players that could be created and used in flagship titles such as Wii Sports; however they lack the ability to customize that Xboxs avatars have, as clothes and accessories can be purchased online or unlocked in games played. PlayStation 3, instead of an in-game character, offers PlayStation Home, a social simulator where avatars can talk and explore, and customize their homes with elements from games played. This basic idea allows the person playing the games to have a more personalised feel to their console and that they have become truly integrated with it. The console is becoming a central element that is integrated into a whole media system. People may become to get rid of their stereos and DVD players as this one central piece of equipment makes many other defunct. It may even be that in the future the console is the integral part for controlling a house, including the lighting, temperature and other devices. With more reliable and faster internet connections, the technology of cloud computing has begun to gain some momentum. The Sims creator Will Wright embraces the idea of cloud gaming as a crucial part of the future of the industry. For one thing, the gaming industry sees it as an opportunity to make games as easy to access as music and movies.

Baldwins view of Nation of Islam in Down on the Cross Essay -- James

Superficial Power The Nation of Islam emerged as a very powerful organization during the 1960s. One of the Nation?s key goals was to create an independent Black America. It further preached about the White man as the devil, thus instilling faith within its followers that White society will be decimated, and Black society will prevail. Through these powerful messages, the Nation of Islam gave African-Americans a claim to divinity and created the notion of Black supremacy. However, in attempting to cement these ideas, the Nation of Islam?s message became extreme to the point of absurdity. While James Baldwin expounds on this irrationality in ?Down at the Cross?, he also understands and agrees with the underlying motivation behind the Nation?s absurd claims. According to the FBI files on the Nation of Islam, one of its principles was to ?separate the black man from the devil through the establishment of a black nation? (FBI). Many publications propounded on this philosophy. For example, Elijah Muhammad, the leader of the Nation of Islam, wrote in Message to the Blackman in America, ?it is far more important to teach separation of the Blacks and Whites in America than prayer? (Book Summary). According to Elijah Muhammad, integration and intermarriage between Blacks and Whites are an attempt by Whites to confuse Blacks, keep them enslaved, and prevent them from learning Nation of Islam's teachings. Furthermore, Blacks who assimilate into mainstream culture were regarded by the Nation of Islam as ?disgraceful Uncle Toms? (FBI) who simply seek to please their ?slave-masters? children? (FBI). Granted, these statements are coming from FBI files which clearly did not support the NOI movement, but the message that the Nat... ...s to nothing less than the perpetual achievement of the impossible? (346). Thus creating a new foundation for Black society, upon which hatred for other races will be justified, does nothing but stunt its ability to achieve its rightful spot in western society. Works Cited Baldwin, James. ?Notes of a Native Son.? 1955. James Baldwin: Collected Essays. Ed. Toni Morrison. New York: Library of America, 1998. 63-84. Book Summary ? Message to the Black Man in America. 8 March 2004. http://home.att.net/~phosphor/week1a/message.html Clark, Micheal. "Rise in Racial Extremism Worries Harlem Leaders." New York Times 25 Jan. 1960: 1+. Federal Bureau of Investigation. Elijah Muhammad. Federal Bureau of Investigation. 8 March 2004. http://foia.fbi.gov/muhammad.htm Fineman, Howard and Vern E. Smith. ?An Angry ?Charmer??. Newsweek. 30 Oct 1995: 35.

Continuing Academic Success Essay

Of course everyone wants to be successful! It takes 100% of effort and determination to be successful. Maintaining believable goals keeps you on track for the road of success. If you keep your goals in mind, you will not astray from them. Achieving goals that you have set for yourself is your responsibility. It is easy to get distracted from your academic goals, if they are not maintained on a daily basis. Continuing academic success has helped numerous of students succeed. Continuing academic success means to have an advantage by resuming academic growth in an educational environment. Success is the ability to plan, be persistent, set goals, and accomplish them. There are so many fundamentals for continuing academic success, in which your attitude has a great impact on your academic structure. Accomplishing academic goals are an advantage for growth and numerous opportunities. Continuing your academic success is important in which you conduct research to gain knowledge. Another impo rtant necessity needed for success is to set goals. The best decision any person could make is to plan ahead for your desired position in life. Applying skills from your resources in or outside of school can also help you to be successful. Gaining Knowledge Acknowledging your learning style gives you insight on how to obtain a constructive pattern towards success. There are 3 different modes of learning styles which are visual, kinesthetic, and auditory. In visual mode, you can describe your learning preferences if you can learn by pictures, Shapes, sculpture, or paintings. Some individuals prefer learning by gestures, body movements, object manipulation and positing, which is kinesthetic. Last but not least, there is the auditory mode which includes  listening, rhythms, tone and chants. According to, Alsop & Ryan, 1996, learning styles have a profound impact on learning. Personal awareness of learning styles and confidence in communicating this is the first steps towards achieving an optimal learning environment. (Alsop & Ryan, 1996.) Discovering your personal learning style helps you with your skill development. This also gives you personal awareness and helps you to utilize your thinking skills effectively. Knowing your learning style helps you to navigate through your career and helps you to be in control of your own success. For instance, Omrod, 2008, p.106 wrote, â€Å"Some cognitive styles and dispositions do seem to influence how and what information is presented through words (verbal learners), whereas others seem to learn better when it’s presented through pictures (visual learners)†. Thus educational psychology students and aspiring teachers are being taught that students have particular learning styles and that these styles should be accommodated by instruction tailored to those learning styles. Having knowledge of my personal learning style helps me to make better judgments, when deciding on my point of view on a particular subject. I believe that being a visual learner, is a great way to learn. Most things people know is by seeing with their eyes and watching. When watching, it’s easier to learn a lot about people and things that are beneficial to you. I learn a lot about my surroundings and things about myself, being a visual learner. It is easy for me to organize information, define problems and develop theories. I believe being a visual learner is a strong asset because it helps me achieve on higher levels on a daily basis in everyday life. It is more convenient, well an advantage to know your learning style and to utilize it. Setting Goals Success comes from acquiring a positive mentality, preparing and focusing on desired goals. Success is making the best choices to prevent failure and to succeed. Success requires a challenge and commitment and helps an individual to accomplish goals. It is based on Ryan (1970) premise that conscious goals affect action. A goal is the object or aim of an action, for example, to attain a specific standard of proficiency, usually within a specified time limit. As industrial-organizational psychologists, our  primary interest has been to predict, explain, and influence performance on organizational or work-related tasks. Thus, we focused on the relationship between conscious performance goals and level of task performance rather than on discrete intentions to take specific actions (e. g. , to apply to graduate school, to get a medical examination). According to Dobbins, Pettman, 1997, Set Goals It’s mandatory to set goals, so that you can be successful. Goal setting can help an individual tremendously because they can set short term goals and accomplish them. I have many goals, dreams and aspirations†¦ My lifetime goal is to become a CEO of a 500 fortune company 10 years from now. Setting short term goals can help me achieve my long term goals and get closer to my dreams. Setting goals can also give me a peace of mind and keep me focused . Time management gives you the opportunity to get a lot done throughout the day. Eventually you will be able to accomplish small to larger tasks. Setting goals and managing time, you would surely achieve your set goals. Skills that you learn daily from school or your personal life can be used as transferable skills that will help you advance at being successful. We know that success is derived from both knowledge and positive mental attitude. We also know that failure is strongly associated with lack of knowledge and negative attitudes. Focusing upon desired goals stimulates excitement and enthusiasm, which are in turn strongly associated with positive mental attitude. Very few people are prepared t o set goals. Most people are not prepared to learn more or make the necessary efforts to be more positive. Apply Skills The writing process helps you advance in your education and career because it’s easy to brain storm. Applying knowledge you gain will always be beneficial. Academic integrity is important you are taking responsibility for your work. As far as conducting research and citing information where you have found your sources. Plagiarism a complex concept, argues Sutherland-Smith, who isolates six elements of plagiarism (pp. 70-3) from the work of Peccorari (2002): language borrowed or stolen source, by whom, without acknowledgement, with or without intent to deceive. Plagiarism comes with consequences if one isn’t careful. There is a possibility of being expelled from school. Conclusion Continuing academic success is a great path to take. On continuing your education you learn to gain knowledge, set goals and apply what you have learned. Knowing your learning style will also help you to achieve in being successful! References Dobbins, R., & Pettman, B. O. (1997). Set goals. Equal Opportunities International, 16(6/7), 9-43. ProQuest Central. Robertson, L., Smellie, T., & Wilson, P. (2011, March). Learning Styles and Fieldwork Education: Students’ perspectives. New Zealand Journal of Occupational Therapy, 58(1), 36-40. ProQuest Central. Ryan, T. A. (1970). Intentional behavior. New York: Ronald Press White, G. (2009) ). Plagiarism: The internet and student learning-improving academic http://faculty.washington.edu/janegf/goalsetting.html integrity. Australian Journal of Education,53(2), 209-211

An Analysis of George Orwell’s “Why I Write”

George Orwell and Joan Didion, in their essay, â€Å"Why I Write,† imply that writing has affected each author to abdicate adversity and to accept failure. Orwell and Didion support their implications by explaining how each author attempted to embrace the abstract ideas in writing, but learned to view themselves as mediocre writers, neither good nor bad, whose self-reflection in writing produced a solemn atmosphere.Their purpose is to educate the reader on relevant motives and authenticity associated with writing to help them conceive a profound piece of work through self-reflection. Both authors establish a formal but moderately depressing tone, appealing to young Americans who hope to become writers.George Orwell, in the essay, â€Å"Why I Write† utilizes the rhetorical strategy of explanation in order to effectively deliver his message to the attending audience. Orwell, at first, introduces a statement about his childhood and his ambitious goals to become an inspirin g writer. Suffering from depression and solitude during his adolescent years, Orwell often constructed solemn pieces of literature in order to reflect upon his current lifestyle.This idea of self-reflection assisted Orwell in becoming an exalt writer. Through exemplification, Orwell introduced the â€Å"four great motives for writing.† Orwell reflects upon the subject of sheer egotism, arguing that writers often write to be remembered.The author further elaborates on this idea, stating that serious writers care more about personal self-reflection than making money. In the motive of aesthetic enthusiasm, Orwell views himself as a moderate writer, illustrating how writers make their writing sound and look good by appreciating the aesthetics.The author eventually provides an  example for these motives, by appealing to the pathos in his Spanish-civil war poem, often concentrating on emotion and expressing remorse. Through explanation, George Orwell was able to effectively deliv er his message to the attending audience.Joan didion, in the essay â€Å"Why I write,† utilizes the rhetorical strategy of explanation to appeal to her audience. Joan introduces her essay with the topic of self-reflection, by illustrating the act of saying I.In addition, Joan elaborates on this idea of self-reflection, explaining how writing allowed her to create a mind of abstract ideas. Similar to Orwell, Joan experienced several obstacles that impeded her writing. The author focuses on a particular issue, in which Didion became distracted while writing.The author reflects upon this idea, by providing an example of how her attention diverted simply to a â€Å"flowering pear outside her window† or the â€Å"lights on in the Bevatron† while writing at Berkley.Didion additionally conveys her attitude towards these distractions, often wondering why such events occur. As a result, Joan often ponders upon the abstract ideas in order to enhance her writing. Through t he use of explanation, Joan didion was able to effectively deliver her message to the attending audience.George Orwell and Joan didion, in their why I write, employ the rhetorical strategy of explanation in order effectively attend to their audience. Though each author provided examples in order to support their implication, their appeals to pathos and emphasis on pondering the abstract ideas in writing further attracted their audience.

Political Unrest in Colombia essays

Political Unrest in Colombia essays When most people think of the problems in Colombia, they believe they are drug related. The truth, however, is that Colombia has more problems than that. Over the last 38 years, the country has been involved in a civil war in which leftist rebels have been pitted against the government and other paramilitary groups. However, the paramilitary groups are now leaning towards peace talks and a cease-fire. It is possible that the last thirty-eight years of violence are about to come to a close. Back in the 1980s, The United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia, a paramilitary group that called themselves the AUC, arose to defend the government against rebel kidnappers. This right-wing group was composed of drug traffickers and ranchers, and became increasingly brutal to both rebels and civilians as time progressed. These people have even been labeled as terrorists by the United States government, and are wanted on charges of drug trafficking. The leftist rebels groups, The Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) and The National Liberation Army (ELN), began focusing their attention on attacks directed at the AUC. Thirty-eight years later, they are still fighting that same fight. All of that could change within the next few weeks, though. Carlos Castano, who commands about 70 percent of all paramilitary fighters including the AUC, has declared a cease-fire against the rebel groups. He claims the cease-fire is due to the fact that the government of President Alvaro Uribe is serious about cracking down on the rebels, and the paramilitary groups are no longer necessary. The only stipulation to the cease-fire is a request to the government for a guarantee that the AUC members will be protected from attacks by the rebels. Castano also holds that if attacked, the members will defend themselves. Castano claims that the AUC leaders are ready to sit down with the rebels and discuss a peace treaty. As a second leader of th...

Human Anatomy Study Tips

Human Anatomy Study Tips Anatomy is the study of the structure of living organisms. This subdiscipline of biology can be further categorized into the study of large-scale anatomical structures (gross anatomy) and the study of microscopic anatomical structures (microscopic anatomy). Human anatomy deals with anatomical structures of the human body, including cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems. Anatomy is always linked to physiology, the study of how biological processes function in living organisms. Therefore it is not enough to be able to identify a structure, its function must also be understood. Why Study Anatomy? The study of human anatomy gives us a better understanding of the structures of the body and how they work. When taking a basic anatomy course, your goal should be to learn and understand the structures and functions of the major body systems. It is important to remember that organ systems dont just exist as individual units. Each system depends on the others, either directly or indirectly, to keep the body functioning normally. It is also important to be able to identify the major cells, tissues, and organs being studied and to know how they function. Make the Most of Your Study Time Studying anatomy involves lots of memorization. For instance, the human body contains 206 bones and over 600 muscles. Learning these structures requires time, effort, and good memorization skills. The following tips will help make learning and memorizing body structures easier. Know the Language The most important thing to understand when studying anatomy is the terminology. Using standard anatomical terminology ensures that anatomists have a common method of communicating to avoid confusion when identifying structures. Knowing anatomical directional terms and body planes, for instance, enables you to describe the locations of structures in relation to other structures or locations in the body. Learning the common prefixes and suffixes used in anatomy and biology is also helpful. And Decipher Terms Like "Brachiocephalic Artery" If you are studying the brachiocephalic artery, you can figure out its function by knowing the affixes in the name. The affix brachio- refers to the upper arm and cephal refers to the head. If you have memorized that an artery is a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart, you can determine that the brachiocephalic artery is a blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the head and arm regions of the body. Use Study Aids Study aids are very useful when studying anatomy. Believe it or not, anatomy coloring books are one of the best ways to learn and memorize structures and their location. The Anatomy Coloring Book is a popular choice, but other coloring books work as well. Flash Cards and Complementary Texts Anatomy flash cards, like Netters Anatomy Flash Cards and Mosbys Anatomy Physiology Study and Review Cards are recommended as well. Flash cards are valuable for reviewing information and are not meant to be a substitute for anatomy texts. Acquiring a good complementary text, such as Netters Atlas of Human Anatomy, is a must for higher level anatomy courses and those interested in or already attending medical school. These resources provide detailed illustrations and pictures of various anatomical structures. Review, Review, Review To really make sure you comprehend the material, you must constantly review what you have learned. It is vital that you attend any and all anatomy review sessions given by your instructor. Be sure to always take practice quizzes before taking any test or quiz. Get together with a study group and quiz each other on the material. If you are taking an anatomy course with a lab, be sure that you prepare for what you are going to be studying before lab class. Stay Ahead With Information The main thing you want to avoid is falling behind. With the volume of information that is covered in most anatomy courses, it is important that you stay ahead and know what you need to know before you need to know it. Know the Human Body at Small and Large Scale Organisms, including humans, are arranged in a hierarchical structure. Tissues Cells compose tissues of the body, which can be categorized into four primary types. These tissue types are epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, connective tissue, and nervous tissue. Organs Tissues in turn form organs of the body. Examples  of body organs include the brain, heart, kidneys, lungs, liver, pancreas, thymus, and thyroid. Organ Systems Organ systems are formed from groups of organs and tissues working in conjunction to perform necessary functions for the survival of the organism. Examples of organ systems include the circulatory system, digestive system, endocrine system, nervous system, lymphatic system, skeletal system, and reproductive system.

Project of My Ten Years into the Future Assignment

Project of My Ten Years into the Future - Assignment Example Initial I find that it is a bit difficult to interact with these women whose culture, lifestyle and language are so much different from that of me. It gets difficult to make them understand what I mean. But now the situations have changed a lot. I still remember those days when I had just joined this NGO. At that time it was a small organization with only 50 people engaged with it. Conditions were quite difficult for the organization. It was facing crisis both in terms of human capital as well as financial capital. But the practice which was in the exercise was the willpower of all those people who were engaged with the NGO. We all had a single motto to render modern medical services to underdeveloped countries. Conditions were quite pathetic in the interior part of these countries. Along with health care, unemployment and illiteracy were the other major problems which these poor people were fighting. So our organization decided that along with medical services, they will try to irra diate illiteracy and unemployment in these areas. At present, our organization has several working units in different part of the world that provide medical assistance to developing nations. We also run free schools for children were midday meal is provided for free of cost. This helps the children to have healthy and hygienic food and reduces the cases of malnutrition. For women and working men, night schools are available so that they can attain higher education and can grab better careers. In the developing countries, the growth rate of population is much higher than the rate at which medical health centers are developing.

Business Statistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business Statistics - Essay Example Nearly 17 states had $1.8 as their average fuel price. But the coefficient of variation is obtained as 9.67. The median shows that about 25 states have average fuel prices above $1.84. This clarifies that the data is normally distributed with just one state having the $2.3 as the average price. However, the histogram shows two states, Alaska and Hawaii as outliers with their average fuel prices around $2.5 which is considered to be the highest fuel price. The scatter plot (Fig. 2) of the state by state average fuel prices for diesel fuel and premium unleaded fuel2 shows that both fuel are almost equally priced. Most of the pricing is in the range of $1.8 to $ 2.5. However, the graph shows that when the price of diesel is low (or high) the price of premium fuel tends to be high (or low). We also find that Alaska and Hawaii are the two states highlighted as outliers measuring the highest diesel and premium fuel prices. The Colorado weekly regular unleaded gas prices3 for the past 8 weeks from 5th January 2009 to 23rd February 2009 has been plotted as a line chart (Fig 3). The graph shows that there has been a gradual increase in the price every consecutive week. However there have been fluctuations in the price rise in the 6th, 7th and 8th weeks. The time series plot also shows a smooth linear upward trend indicating a smooth increase in the fuel price every week. The above study on the state by state average fuel prices of unleaded regular, premium gasoline and diesel in the United States shows that the prices are fairly equal among all the states except Alaska and Hawaii where the prices are very

Buss's Strategic Conflict Model Between Two Sexes Essay

Buss's Strategic Conflict Model Between Two Sexes - Essay Example These studies, according to Buss, provide modest support for the strategic conflict model and implicate the negative emotions of anger and upset as proximate mechanisms that alert men and women to strategic interference. Moreover, the diversity of upset elicitors discovered here (being condescending, possessive, neglecting, abusive, inconsiderate, moody, and self-centered), point to the limitations of this evolutionary model and the need to develop more comprehensive models of conflict between the sexes. At a closer look, the following observations and comments have been drawn: First, the highly selective samples of American college students and their generalizability may be limited. There is an uneven distribution of subjects, with 51 men and 56 women. Second, the reliance on self-report measures, although that has been the methodology of choice in most research examining sexual desires may not yield and objective result. Self-rating method can be bias in the sense that the subjects feelings and prejudice may interfere with the results. Moreover, the subjects have so many differences. They come from different backgrounds and have differing knowledge and perceptions of the same and opposite sexes of participants. They also differ in dating history and marital status. The ones with longer dating history may have different perceptions and experiences with those of short-term dating. The married ones, divorced, widowed and singles have definitely different experiences and maturity. In addition, this is a problematic development of upset instrument because the instrument is based on responses from undergraduates only. There is a disparity in the level of maturity compared to the lower and higher levels of actual, real-life individuals and experiences, as well as psychological make-up. Furthermore, the participants of this research are either single and in a relationship. This could lead to the responses based on the participant's imaginative capabilities. This could further cause more differences. Another bias is the partial explanation for males only, such as: Men's upset and anger about women's withholding of sex. Women are not necessarily upset and angered by the hypothesized feature of male reproductive strategy involving sexual aggressiveness. According to attachment fertility theory (Miller and Fishkin, 1997) that might argue that unattached participants were in the phase of "promiscuously" seeking potential mates in an attempt to enhance the likelihood of a good mate choice. The unattached female here can take male's aggression and may be happy with it because of the initial motivation of seeking a potential mate. Female, in this case are unfairly described. In addition, differences of features of the opposite sex's reproductive strategy or different reproductive strategy may not interfere with one's adopted reproductive strategy and thus cause conflict. Moreover, the research claims that negative emotions provide signal and reduce

Launch behaviourism Essay Example for Free

Launch behaviourism Essay Ivan P.Pavlov was the first initiator of behaviourism as he formed the basis and groundwork of behaviourism. Pavlov was a Russian scientist who was particularly interested in conditioned reflexes which led him to his infamous experiment of dogs and their salivary glands. In Pavlovs experiment he found that a dogs behaviour can be conditioned. Firstly when the dog was given food it would salivate, then the next time the dog received food a bell would be rung. This continued until the dog would salivate by the mere sound of a bell. This experiment provided the basis for Pavlovs idea that behaviour and responses could be conditioned (Tennant, 1997) John B. Watson drew from Pavlovs ideas and was the man to launch behaviourism. Watson was a psychologist from the United States. His infamous experiment was on a human baby code named Albert B. When Albert was exposed to a rat he showed no sign of fear but then a loud banging when there was a presence of a rat, which made Albert cry. Therefore every time Albert saw a rat he would associate it with his past experience and immediately cry whether there was a banging or not (Tennant, 1997) B.F Skinner was a major contributor to the school of behaviourism and believed that behaviour is maintained and produced by its consequences. Skinner believed that rewards and positive reinforcers have a greater affect on behaviour. He demonstrated this through his famed Skinner Box where animals were placed inside a box and were given an option of levers which they could press, one gave them food, the other an electric shock or similar. The animals soon learned which lever not to press and this demonstrated Skinners theory of learned behaviour (Van Iersal and others, 2005) Behaviourism is not the stimulation in psychological science as it once was. Psychologists and much of the public prefer more cognitive explanations of human behaviour. Thus the application of behaviour analysis is still active and successful in fields such as child development, education and drug abuse but is not reliable, as technology and scientific advances have proved otherwise to the denial of internal processes. Behaviourism is very much about nurture when it comes to the nature vs. nurture debate as it focuses on external stimuli affecting behaviour. Where behaviourism applied behaviour can be controlled, as action and external operations are controllable. Behaviourism can only explain a small part of human behaviour but it can no fully describe it. (Kazdin, 2000). To explain human behaviour an updated perspective is needed and not one convention is 100% right. The best approach is to take a little from each (McIerney 1998). Behaviourism was extremely influential in the early 20th century as it was the most up to date information available. Since scientific advances in brain chemistry and thought processes behaviourism has become outdated. Pavlov, Watson and Skinner had major impacts on not only behaviourism but also to psychology. Their techniques can still be applied today. Although behaviourism can explain a bit about behaviour it is far too narrow as it does not encompass or consider mental working of a human and brain functions which is a very important role in behaviour. Even though it is outdated behaviourism is still an interesting convention of psychology and can still be useful in explaining behaviour and treating behaviour problems. Bibliography: The Behavioural Approach : Class Handout  Behaviourism, Microsoft(r) Encarta(r) Online Encyclopaedia 2005

Expansion Of Nato Essay -- essays research papers

NATO starts the year 2000 with the issue of concern. The European Allies' defense capability, stabilization efforts in the Balkans, and relations with Russia are at the top of a highly charged agenda. In 1999 NATO accomplished many tasks, which were reviewed in the December 15th Washington Summit. They approved an updated Strategic Concept at the Washington Summit; admitted as new members the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland; contributed decisively, in particular through the conduct of their air campaign and the subsequent deployment of KFOR (NATO-led international peace force), to the international community's objective of creating the basis for long-term peace and stability in Kosovo. What is NATO? NATO is the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. The North Atlantic Treaty was signed in Washington on April 4th, 1949, creating an alliance of 12 independent nations committed to each other's defense. Four more European nations later acceded to the Treaty between 1952 and 1982. The now 19 members of NATO include Belgium, Canada, *Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, *Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, *Poland, Portugal, Spain, Turkey, United Kingdom, and the United States. (*Members since March 12, 1999) These countries commit themselves to maintaining and developing their defense capabilities, individually, and collectively, providing the basis for collective defense planning. The Treaty also provides the framework for consultation betw...

A Concept Analysis of Burnout within the Nursing Profession

The duty of taking care of other people and being responsible for their lives is a heavy burden for anyone to carry; and it can take its toll even among the best of us. In the nursing profession, burnout is a constant threat and is widely implicated for the alarming shortage of nurses that we are experiencing today.According to the Nursing Shortage Fact Sheet (2007) compiled by the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN), Job burnout and dissatisfaction are driving nurses to leave the profession. Consider these figures compiled by AACN:   more than 40% of nurses working in hospitals reported being dissatisfied with their jobs.   The study indicates that 1 out of every 3 hospital nurses under the age of 30 are planning to leave their current job in the next year.Indeed there is no denying the importance of nurses in the health care system as more and more people are availing of health services and are reaping the benefits of the advances in medical technology. As such, burnout deserves careful study in the hopes that it can be prevented or managed.Literature ReviewAccording to the concept analysis method developed by Walker and Avant (1995), the definition of a concept requires taking into consideration as many contexts as possible.Only then will it be possible to have an intimate understanding of the concept and thoroughly define all its attributes. As such, a comprehensive literature review was conducted using all possible sources of information such as books, journals, and the Internet using related terms such as burnout, stress, career exhaustion, coping mechanism, job support, and lateral violence. In all the reviews made, the term burnout is consistently associated with loss of interest and motivation for work.The burnout is often accompanied by a sense of disillusionment and questioning one’s sense of purpose and direction. On a more general sense, the term refers to the loss of interest for any endeavor and a sense of hopelessness f or life.As a springboard for this concept analysis, an internet search was done on the term burnout. Dictionary.com defines burnout as a state of being overworked due to intense activity or prolonged stress.This leads to fatigue, frustration or lack of interest. Wikipedia, a popular online source of information defines burnout as â€Å"a psychological term for the experience of long-term exhaustion and diminished interest usually in the work context. It is also used as an English slang term to mean exhaustion†.It goes on to say that some workers are more predisposed to burnout, depending on their personality traits (â€Å"Wikipedia article about burnout† 2007).Another website, Helpguide.org, a trusted non-profit online resource for various health issues, describes burnout as a condition that â€Å"reduces your productivity and saps your energy, leaving you feeling increasingly hopeless, powerless, cynical, and resentful. The unhappiness burnout causes can eventually t hreaten your job, your relationships, and your health†.The site also made an attempt to make a simple and understandable distinction between stress and burnout. According to the site, stress involves an overwhelming amount of responsibilities that demand too much of you physically and psychologically. However, stress can be controlled with proper time management and often goes away once the task has been accomplished.Burnout, on the other hand means feeling empty and devoid of motivation. People experiencing burnout often don’t see any hope of positive change in their situations unless they leave and lead a different life. (â€Å"Helpguide.org article on burnout† 2007) Prolonged exposure to stressors in the workplace can eventually lead to burnout.Maslach (2003) attributes this â€Å"loss of idealism and passion for one’s job† as something that â€Å"results from an incongruence or misfit between the worker and the job.† Maslach further elabo rates by stating that the problematic relationship between the person and the work environment is a consistent theme in all studies made about burnout.This misfit refers to the mismatch between the demands of the job and the capacity of the person to rise up to these demands on a consistent and continuous basis, or if the rewards of the job is not commensurate to the demands being asked of the individual. Balevre made a study that relates maladaptive behavior to the burnout phenomenon.The paper showed that maladaptive thoughts can be changed with proper help, and this changes the nurses’ negative reactions to a given stimulus, thereby decreasing the resulting burnout phenomenon (2001).

Racism in Haiti

Racism In Haiti Racism is present throughout the whole world in fact,Racism has existed throughout human history. It may be defined as the hatred of one person by another — or the belief that another person is less than human — because of skin color, language, customs, place of birth or any factor that supposedly reveals the basic nature of that person. but in Haiti and the Dominican republic it is a very different variation of the word,. n fact if racism is as the dictionary defines it then surely a new word must be invented to describe and explain the events that take place against the Haitian people,where hatred and racism are defined so intensively and so brutally that one does not believe a human being a member of one`s own gender that another human being is capable of such hatred, of such vicious behavior towards another person,.Because of extreme poverty,. nresourcefull land,,and dangerous living conditions the people of Haiti cross the border into the Dominican republic,but they are received by the intense racism of the Dominican people where their own religion wich in many cases includes Haitian people and share Haitian belief discriminate and exhibit very hateful behavior towards the simple Haitian people who flee from their own country with the innocent purpose of finding a better life for themselves but are received by the cold cruel hate of the Dominican residents.Conclusion; Throughout this whole presentation we hope you have all been made aware of the cruel treatment that Haitian people receive,At the beginning of my groups topic we honestly did not know what to expect but I never thought of such blunt scenes of what is very clearly racism and what may even be genocide,we hope that all of this will encourage you to lend a hand to a person you may know is being discriminated against because racism is everywhere,and it can affect us all in many ways.